Nylon
The fiber nylon was introduced first by the DuPont
Chemical Company in 1938. Several years later, after
a great deal of development, nylon became the first
synthetic fiber to be used in the entire carpeting
industry.

The first 3 generations of fiber experienced many
problems with the worst being staining. The 4th
generation fiber of nylon had a mill applied coating
that solved a majority of the staining problems. The
ability of the fiber to repel water and oil based
spills as well as soil helped to propel nylon into
the top selling carpet fibers out there.

After several other changes, the DuPont company
introduced the fifth generation nylon fiber. This
stain resistant fiber would repel most dye stains
if treated in a reasonable time. This fiber is
more accurately called an acid dye blocker in that
it doesn't allow acid dyes to penetrate and stain
the fiber.

The protective coating mill is applied and fills the
dye sites with anionic molecules.

Tip
An easy way to test fiber for the presence of a
fluorochemical is to cut a couple of fibers from a
non traffic area and apply a few drops of oil and
water mixture. If it beads up, then there is an
active fluorochemical present.

Whenever testing for the presence of the acid dye
blocker, you should again cut a couple of fibers
from a non traffic area, then immerse the fibers
in a red kool-aid mixture and wait for 5 minutes
or so. Remove the fiber from the liquid and
flush with neutral detergent solution. If the
acid blockers are present and active, there will
be no discoloration.

Polyester
The fiber of polyester was first introduced into
the garment industry around in the 1950s. By the
late 1960s, polyester was introduced into the
carpet industry as a face yarn. In hand, feel,
and appearance it is similar to nylon, although
it doesn't possess that same resiliency.

Polyester doesn't absorb water based spills, isn't
affected by urine or kool-aid, but it will
absorb oil based spills. Polyester is non allergenic
and mildew resistant.

Acrylic/modacrylic
Both of these fibers were first used as carpet
yarns around the late 1940s. They disappeared
around 1988 due to the competition from other fibers.
In was reintroduced to the market around 1990
in Berber styling.

This was done so that people could take advantage
of the wool like appearance, hand feel, and the
fact that its more spot resistant, much easier to
clean, and not damaged in the ways that wool is.

Olefin
Olefin is the latest of the synthetic fibers to
be adopted to carpets. Once only available in
continous filament, it is now produced in staple
form as well. Olefin has a wide variety of uses
that include primary and secondary backing of
tufted carpets, warp yarns, and other uses as well.

The carpet that is made today is a mix of old world
craftsmanship and a touch of 21st century innovation.
By combining the two, carpet is able to become the
household feature that we all know and love - and
get tired of cleaning.

Carpet can be manufactured in one of two ways;
weaving or tufting. Carpets that are woven are
primarily wool and are very durable, and very
expensive as well. The woven carpet types can be
hand produced, as it has been for centuries, or by
machine. No matter what method is chosen, the same
procedures are followed.

The yarn for the carpet is woven through or around
vertical fibers known as warps, and then locked
into place with horizontal strands known as wefts.
The woven carpets can utilize a variety of colors
as well to create intricate patterns in the
highest quality of carpets.

Tufting machines can also be utilized as well, as
they use computers to determine the patterns, styles,
construction, and density. No longer does someone
have to do everything by hand or mentally, as the
tufting machines will take all of the guesswork out
and make things easy on the operator.

Once the fibers have been locked into place, the
carpet is dyed using a variety of methods that
will create patterns or effects. For cut pile
carpets, the final stage is stretched,
cutting the pile loops. This is an important
stage, as it will determine the softness and
feel of the carpet.

The carpet will also receive a secondary stretch
backing as well to give it stability and allow
it to be stretched during the installation
process. Most of the carpets of this day and
age will receive stain protection as well, which
happens during the manufacturing phase.

The way that a carpet is made will greatly affect
how the carpet is installed. In the past, the
creation of carpet was a very complicated
process, as there were no computers or technology
to do most of the work. Back then, it was all
done by hand. The carpets were great, although
there wasn't any colors or textures that we
have to choose from today.

The carpet manufacturers of today have a lot of
technology at their disposal, which makes life
at the plants easy. Operators can watch and
operate machines to do a lot of the work, which
makes their job a lot easier.

The continuous fibers found with carpet are heat
set and twisted at the mill to give a tightly
twisted product that is commonly found with
frieze carpets. This type of yarn is less
bulky although it will hold its shape for a long
period of time, which is great for those who
don't like to replace their carpet every couple
of years.

The carpet market is a vast market, with many types
to choose from. Below, you'll find the several
different types of carpet and what they will offer
you and your home.

Woven
Woven carpet is produced on a loom that is very
similar to woven cloth, being cut pile. There
are many different colored yarns being used and the
entire process is capable of producing very intricate
patterns from designs that are pre-determined.
Normally, woven is the highest quality of carpet
on the market.

Tufted
This type of carpet is produced on a tufting machine
by using either a single colored or sometimes a
non colored yarn. If non colored is being used,
then the carpet will be dyed or printed with a
design as a separate process. Carpets that are
tufted can either be cut pile, loop pile, or a
combination of both. Machines can produce a lot
more meters of carpet than weaving, and they are
normally at the lower end of the market.

Needlefelt
The needlefelt type of carpet is a bit more
technologically advanced. They are produced by
electrostatic attraction of individual fibers
that form a unique carpet with extremely high
durability. You can normally find needlefelt
carpet in the contract market such as in hotels
or other places where there is always going to be
a lot of traffic.

Flatweave
The flatweave carpet is created by interlocking
warp and weft threads. The types of oriental
flatwoven carpet include soumak, plain weave,
and tapestry weave. This type is not well known
in the North American region, although it is
very popular in the orient and Japan.

Hooked rug
This is a simple construction of rug that is
handmade by pulling strips of cloth such as
wool or cotton through the meshes of a very
sturdy fabric. Now, this type of rug is generally
known as a handicraft.

Knotted pile
With knotted pile carpets, the structural weft
threads will alternate with a supplementary
weft that will rise from the surface of the
weave at a perpendicular angle.

Cut and loop piles
The cut and loop pile combines both looped and
cut fibers. They provide a variety of
surface textures for medium durability. Cut
and loop carpets are available in either solid
or different colors. The several different layers
in this carpet can hide dirt and footprints in
formal and informal areas.

Saxony
Saxony consists of tightly twisted cut piles
that are heat set straight. They consist of
two or more fibers that have been twisted
together in a yarn, and they provide a very
soft texture for informal as well as formal
areas. They will show each and every footprint
and even marks from vacuum cleaners.

Textured saxony
Textured carpet is the best selling and it
works well in informal areas due to the very
soft feel. They are tightly twisted and
texture headset for medium durability. They
also offer a multi colored look that will
hide tracks and footprints.

Plush/velvet
Both plush and velvet are lightly twisted and
offer a uniform color. They are very soft
and offer more level than textures. This type
of carpet is ideal for formal areas due to
it's luxurious appearance.

Frieze
Frieze is a highly twisted cut pile type of
carpet that is suited for high traffic areas.
It has short fibers that will tend to curl
in different directions at the surface to
hide footprints and vacuum marks.

Level loop pile
The level loop pile is constructed by weaving
even loops of yarn into carpet backing at both
ends. This type of carpet is durable as
well as track resistant, due to the strong
loops. Higher loops in the carpet will create
a more luxurious look. They are also great
because they will prevent dirt from filtering
on into the carpet.

How often you need to repair your carpet depends on
you. There are instances such as burns, crushing,
fading, furniture, bleeding, sprouting, and carpet
beetles where you'll want to take action. Most of
the time, you can finish a repair job without needing
a professional, although there will be times when
you will need professional assistance.

Burns
Burns occur when a cigarette butt or flame comes
in contact with the carpet. If the burn is small,
the burnt fibers of the carpet can be cut out with
scissors. If the burn is large, you'll need to
replace the area with a new piece of carpet. You
can do this yourself if you know how, or have an
installer do it.

Fuzzing
This occurs when loose fibers come out on the edges
of the carpet. To fix this, simply cut the fibers
that are sticking out.

Furniture marks
Heavy furniture can result in indentations being
left on the carpet. To get rid of these nasty
marks, you should sprinkle your carpet with some
club soda, place a towel over the area, then iron
it. Do this a couple of times and you will see
your carpet begin to re-fluff.

Shading, crushing, and matting
A lot of traffic on the surface of the carpet will
cause it to flatten, which may give some types of
carpet a shaded appearance. If this happens, you
should brush and vacuum the area. If you can't
fix the problem, you may need to hire a professional,
as this can sometimes be very tricky.

Shedding and snagging
Shedding is a problem of usage, as the fibers will
surface on the carpet. This isn't a defect in
manufacturing, but a normal problem. To fix it,
you'll need to vacuum the area. The snags on
the other hand are tufts that have pulled out of
the surface of the carpet. They will occur more
often with loop pile than cut pile carpets. You
should never pull them off, but instead cut them
off neatly with a pair of scissors.

Sprouting
A carpet is known to have sprouts only when there
are tufts on it, which are longer than the rest.
As pulling on them will only damage the carpet
more, you should trim them off with scissors and
level them down to the rest of the pile.

Static electricity
This depends on the carpet material, construction,
and padding. Humidity will play an important role
as the moisture in the air is absorbed by the
carpet fibers. A humidifier will help to retain
moisture, and you can also spray the surface of
the carpet with an anti static agent.

Carpet beetles
The best way to deal with carpet beetles is with
a strong vacuum suction. You should always avoid
spillage and keep the surface of the carpet clean
of food. The carpet beetles are quite annoying,
as they feed on wool, hair, hides, fur, grain,
seeds, and flour. If the carpet is infested bad,
you professional cleaner is the way to go.

Bleeding or crocking
Bleeding of the carpet is the loss or transfer
of the color from one section to another. Good
underlayments can help to prevent bleeding to
a certain degree. Crocking on the other hand is
the loss of the carpets color when it is rubbed.
To avoid this, simply avoid getting your carpet
wet.

A carpet installation job that is one right can
help you reduce your repair worries to quite
an amazing degree. You can always call a pro as
well, as their services will often end up being
much cheaper than if you were to go ahead and
replace the entire carpet.

Choosing an effective carpet cleaner is easier said
than done. There are many carpet cleaning companies
out there, each one claiming to be the best. With
each one claiming to be the best, it can be very
hard deciding which one is the best for you. If
follow the tips below, you'll have no problems finding
your ideal carpet cleaner.

First of all, you should know what your choices are
in cleaning methods and you should also know which
one is the one you'll want to choose, as there are
several available to choose from. A dry extraction
type of cleaning will use a compound that contains
detergents what will free stains and dirt which will
then allow them to be vacuumed up.

Dry foam on the other hand may be used by applying
foam to the carpet and then vacuuming it up with a
wet vacuum. You can also choose a vacuum that uses
stronger chemicals and a stronger suction to get
dirt up. For your needs, you should choose the
vacuum accordingly.

Once you know your options, talk to family and
friends for their recommendations. There are several
places on the internet that offer reviews for
local as well as nationwide carpet cleaners.

You can also get estimates as well. Find out
what the professionals charge and what is considered
to be extra. You should also find out what
chemicals are going to be used, how long the
process will take, and whether or not they plan to
move any furniture.

You'll want to make sure that chemicals used are
going to be safe for you, your children, and
also your pets. If you are using a professional
company, you'll want to let them know what type of
carpet you have. If you don't let them know and
you have a type of carpet that will shrink or
change color during cleaning, you'll probably be
in trouble.

Probably the most important thing, is to know who
is coming to your home. You should always make
sure that you know the history of the carpet
cleaner as well as inquire if background checks
are performed by the company. These steps will
help to keep you and those you love safe.

Follow the above tips, and you'll have no problems
with finding the right carpet cleaner. There are
many types to choose from, as well as professional
cleaning companies.

If you are considering whether or not to use a
professional carpet cleaner, you should consider
the alternatives as well. First, spot removal
isn't the only necessary carpet cleaning that you
need to do, nor is the vacuuming.

Even home carpet cleaning machines won't do as
good of a job as a pro can do. When you use these
types of carpet cleaners, you can help to preserve
your carpeting for years and years to come.

Last, professional cleaning can help many people
who have allergies to feel better once they have
clean carpet. If you have allergies, a professional
cleaning may be the ideal way to solve just about
all of your carpet problems.

In a nutshell, it makes the most sense to have your
carpet professionally cleaned. It doesn't really
cost a lot of money, yet it will give you the
peace of mind in knowing that your carpet is very
clean.

If you've been looking to clean your carpet or
have it cleaned, professional is without a doubt
the way to go. You don't have to bother with it
yourself, yet you'll know that your carpet is going
to be cleaned right - by someone who knows exactly
what they are doing.

There are many different products available on the
market that will help you to remove almost all types
of stains. The ideal solution in minimizing or totally
removing stains is by simply cleaning the spills
and dirt the moment they crop up. Cleaning them up
won't even require you to leave your home just to
rush out and buy the expensive types of cleaning
products.

There are several ways to clean up stains simply by
using products already available in your home which
you use on a regular basis, such as detergents,
rubbing alcohol, vinegar, lemon juice, etc. Its
simply a matter of knowing how to use these common
household products and the procedures involved to
clean up stains. Below, you'll find some tips on
how to clean up pet stains and some other types of
common carpet stains.

Pet stain
For your first option you can use one teaspoon of
clear, household type ammonia to a half cup of
cold water. You can use this solution in a spray
bottle or apply it to the carpet directly. It is
very important not to wet the carpets backing when
you apply the solution. After you have applied
the solution, use paper towels to blot then allow
it to dry completely.

For a second option, you can use detergent solution
made of hand soap or dish soap. The combination
is one quarter of a teaspoon detergent to one quart
of water. You should always make sure the soap
doesn't contain bleach or lanolin.

The third and best option, is to use water, it
can re-hydrate the stain to help with removal. Most
types of pet stains can be cleaned up by using a
steam cleaner. Once you have finished, be sure
to dry the area as thoroughly as possible.

Ink stains
1. You can purchase isopropyl rubbing
alcohol at your local department or grocery store.
2. You can apply it by pouring some onto a
clean white towel or cloth. You can use paper
towels as well, as long as they are white.
3. Blot the stain as much as possible
until it is removed.
4. Make sure you be careful, because if the
stain is small, you need to blot in one direction
only so you don't spread the stain.

Beer and wine stains
1. Mix a solution with one part white
vinegar and one part water.
2. Apply the mixture to the stain using a
spray bottle to saturate.
3. You should allow the stain to sit around
ten to fifteen minutes.
4. Use a sponge and clean in a rubbing
motion.
5. Rinse the area with warm water.
6. Brush the carpet pile back into the
natural direction it has.
7. By using layers of white paper towels,
place paper towels on top of the area, then something
with weight on the paper towels. Allow everything
time to sit like this until the area has dried.

Natural fibers used with carpet are produced either
by insects, animals, or even plants. The fibers
that are produced by insects or animals are known as
protein fibers. Those that are made by plants are
known as vegetable fibers. Vegetable and protein
fibers share the common disadvantage that they are
both very absorbent and will have extended drying
times when wet cleaned - which can lead to mildew,
shrinkage, and even dry rot.

Wool
Wool fiber is produced from the fleece of lambs or
sheep. Wool of carpet is imported from countries
such as England, Australia, and New Zealand. Wool
is the oldest and considered to be the finest of
all carpet material.

The ability of wool to stretch up to 40% of its
original length and the fact that it can be bent
back and forth more than 180,000 times without
breaking makes it very resilient. Wool is the most
expensive material for carpet, although it is also
the best you can buy.

Silk
The fiber of silk is produced by the larva of
various insects known as silk worms. The silk, in
continuous lengths from 300 to 1600 yards is spun
to produce the cocoons. As a fiber, silk is naturally
non flammable, strong, and not affected by static
charge problems - even at low humidity.

Cellulose fiber
This type of fiber is produced by plants and normally
not used as face yarns. These types will however,
show up as backing materials of tufted as as well
as carpets that have been woven.

Cotton
Cotton is a vegetable seed fiber that is produced
from the cotton plant. The primary use for this
fiber is yarns woven in carpet or rugs. Cotton is
resistant to alkaline solutions and becomes stronger
when it is wet.

The biggest disadvantages to cotton is the fact
that is the most absorbent of all fibers and requires
extended drying times after being wet cleaned. It
is also easily damaged by acids, stains easily,
mats down, soils quickly, and is subject to mildew,
dry rot, and shrinkage.

Jute
The fiber of jute is produced by the jute plant
which grows in South America, Pakistan, and even in
India. The stalk of the jute plant is where the
longer coarse fibers are obtained, located between
the outer bark and within the inner pulp.

Jute is normally used as weft yarns, across the
width, in woven carpets and as a backing material
in the construction of tufted carpets. Jute is an
inexpensive material that also serves other uses
than just carpet. Like all other fibers, this one
has disadvantages as well. The fiber is weak when
it becomes wet and is also subject to dry rot,
shrinkage, and mildew.

Sisal
The fiber of sisal is produced by the leaves of the
agave plant. Sisal is very strong and primarily
used for making rugs, sacking, rope, and even
carpet. The fiber stains easily and is also very
difficult to clean. Wet cleaning can also cause
shrinkage so its best to use low moisture methods.

Rayon
There is quite a bit of confusion about rayon and
it is easy to understand why. Rayon is a
synthetic fiber that is produced from natural
cellulosic fibers of wood pulp or cotton. The
material is put through several chemical treatments
which help to turn it into a synthetic fiber.

Primarily, rayon is used for area rugs because of
its silk like appearance. It can be damaged by
acids, has low resistance to abrasion and is also
prone to cellulose browning.